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INTORDUCTION - LOW VISION AID

Low vision aids (LVA) or low vision assistive products (LVAPs) are devices that aid people with low vision and allow them to use their residual vision for better living.[1] LVAP work by making the objects appear bigger, brighter, and blacker or more closely, with improved contrast.[2] These can be broadly divided into optical or non-optical.

According to the World Health Organization, there are at least 2.2 billion people globally with visual impairment.[3] Out of these, at least 1 billion could have been prevented from vision impairment with timely intervention. Among these 1 billion, uncorrected refractive errors are responsible for most cases, accounting for 88.4 million.[4] Cataracts that can be reversed with a minor surgery comprised another 94 million, glaucoma 7.7 million, corneal opacity 4.2 million, diabetic retinopathy 3.9 million, trachoma 2 million, and uncorrected presbyopia 826 million.[5]

World health organization (WHO) international classification of diseases (ICD-10) defines a person with low vision as one with visual acuity between 6/18-3/60 in the good eye and field of vision between 20 and 30 degrees.[6] The WHO working definition of LVA (Bangkok, 1992) defines a person with low vision as one who has a visual impairment or visual functional impairment even after treatment of the ocular pathology and or refractive error correction with a vision of less than 20/60 to a perception of light or a visual field of fewer than 10 degrees from the point of fixation.[7]

FUNCTION

Low vision aids utilize the angular magnification effect by increasing the relative size and relative distance. Angular magnification is apparent object size compared to the actual object size when seen without the device, e.g., a telescope. The relative size makes the object larger and bigger (no accommodation is needed), e.g., CCTV. Relative distance is achieved by bringing the object closer (accommodation is required), e.g., magnifiers.

Crutch glasses are specialized optical devices designed to help individuals with a drooping eyelid condition known as ptosis. These glasses have a small, discreet bar or support attached to the frame that gently lifts the eyelid, allowing for improved vision and eye comfort. Often custom-made, crutch glasses provide a non-surgical solution for those who may not be candidates for or wish to avoid surgery. They are lightweight, adjustable, and can be fitted to most standard eyeglass frames, offering both functional and cosmetic benefits.



Low vision aids are specialized tools designed to help individuals with significant vision loss make the most of their remaining sight. These aids include magnifiers, telescopic lenses, electronic devices, and specially designed glasses that enhance visual clarity for tasks like reading, writing, and recognizing faces. They do not restore vision but improve daily functioning and independence for people with conditions like macular degeneration, glaucoma, or diabetic retinopathy. Low vision aids are often used alongside rehabilitation and training to maximize their effectiveness.

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