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Low vision aids (LVA) or low vision assistive products (LVAPs) are devices that aid people with low vision and allow them to use their residual vision for better living. Low vision refers to vision loss that cannot be corrected by medical or surgical treatments or conventional eyeglasses. A person with low vision must learn to adjust to it. The good news: There are many ways to help so that people with low vision can continue to do things that are important to them. Losing vision does not mean giving up activities, but it may mean learning new ways to do them.
Low vision can result from a range of eye conditions, diseases, injuries, or neurological issues that impair visual function. One of the most common causes is age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which affects the central part of the retina and leads to a gradual loss of central vision. Glaucoma is another major cause, characterized by increased pressure in the eye that damages the optic nerve, often resulting in peripheral vision loss. Diabetic retinopathy, a complication of diabetes, damages the blood vessels in the retina and can lead to severe vision impairment.
Low vision is characterized by a significant reduction in visual ability that cannot be fully corrected with glasses, contact lenses, medication, or surgery. Common symptoms include difficulty seeing clearly in everyday activities such as reading, writing, recognizing faces, or watching television. Individuals may experience blurred or hazy vision, even with corrective lenses, and may have trouble adjusting to different lighting conditions, especially in dim environments. Some may notice a loss of central vision, making it hard to see fine details, while others may lose peripheral vision, leading to tunnel vision.
The diagnosis of low vision involves a comprehensive eye examination by an eye care professional, such as an optometrist or ophthalmologist. During the exam, the doctor evaluates visual acuity, visual fields, contrast sensitivity, and the health of the eyes to determine the extent and cause of the vision loss. Additional tests may be conducted depending on the suspected condition, including imaging of the retina or optic nerve. Once diagnosed, treatment focuses on maximizing remaining vision and improving quality of life, as low vision often cannot be fully corrected. This includes the use of low vision aids like magnifying glasses, special lenses, electronic reading devices, and screen readers. Patients may also benefit from occupational therapy to learn new strategies for daily tasks, along with counseling and support services to help them adapt to their vision loss and maintain independence.
Low vision rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary approach that involves a team of professionals working together to help individuals make the most of their remaining vision and maintain independence. The rehabilitation team typically includes an optometrist or ophthalmologist specialized in low vision care, who assesses visual function and prescribes appropriate low vision aids. Occupational therapists play a key role in helping patients adapt their home and work environments, learn new techniques for daily living, and use assistive devices effectively. Orientation and mobility specialists provide training in safe navigation, especially for those with significant vision loss, while vision rehabilitation therapists focus on improving reading, writing, and communication skills using adaptive tools. Social workers or counselors may also be part of the team, offering emotional support, connecting individuals to community resources, and assisting with adjustment to vision loss.
People with low vision can use a variety of techniques to enhance their ability to see and perform daily tasks more effectively. One common strategy is the use of contrast enhancement, such as placing dark objects against light backgrounds or using bold, high-contrast colors for easier recognition. Improved lighting is also essential—using brighter, adjustable, or task-specific lighting can significantly reduce eye strain and improve visibility. Magnification tools, including handheld magnifiers, digital magnifiers, and screen enlarging software, help enlarge text and images for easier viewing. Organizational techniques like labeling items with large print or tactile markers can improve independence and efficiency at home. People may also learn to rely on eccentric viewing, a technique that involves using peripheral vision instead of damaged central vision.
Opto Vision Eye Care Centre is a leading specialized eye care services provider in North India.
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